Controversies of Declawing Cats

Introduction to the Controversies of Declawing Cats

The question I have chosen for my essay project is “what are the controversies around declawing cats and how does declawing effect cats?” “Declawing traditionally involves the amputation of the last bone of each toe. If performed on a human being, it would be like cutting off each finger at the last knuckle”. There are three methods in which cats are declawed. The first method is to amputate with a scalpel or guillotine clipper, the second method is laser surgery, and the third method is tendonectomy where the tendons that connect to the claws are cut. “Cats are digitigrade which means they walk on their toes, not their actual feet. They use their toes for everything, from balancing to exercising, and their claws are an integral part of their stretching (i.e. strengthening) routine”. With that in mind, a cat’s claws are one of their very few defense mechanisms and when they are taken away, a cat is almost completely defenseless, and many people see this as cruel. On the other hand, one reason cat owners declaw their cats is because they do not want their furniture scratched. Another reason is because they are worried that the cat might harm a family member such as a young child or older adult. Overall, I feel like there are many reasons to have a cat declawed, but I also feel that there are many reasons not to have a cat declawed and I do not have a clear view if one option is better than another.

I have always been interested in this topic. When I was in middle school one of my cats passed away of kidney failure and because my family and I were so sad, we decided to get three more cats from my grandpa’s farm. After having the cats for a few months, and as they slowly got used to the life of being a house cats, we had to make the decision if we wanted them to be declawed. My mother decided for one cat and my brother decided for another, and their decision was to have the cats declawed. It was then my turn to choose for my cat. The conditions were that if my cat was not declawed, she would have to become and outdoor cat to keep from scratching the furniture, or she could get her front claws removed and stay in the house. I reluctantly decided to let her get declawed. I decided this because our neighbor had outdoor dogs and because people in my neighborhood hit cats with their cars on purpose, so I thought that it would be safer for her to get declawed. I feel like there are many reasons to have a cat declawed, but I also feel that there are many reasons not to have a cat declawed and I do not have a clear view if one option is better than another.

I chose this question because I want to go into the field of veterinary medicine, and I will most likely have to declaw some cats. I do not know too much on this subject and even though the subject is interesting to me, I saw this topic more in black in white rather than in color. My view of the subject was narrow, that either people preferred their cats declawed or preferred their cats not declawed. I have not really thought about the reasoning about why people are against declawing or about how declawing might affect the cat. My hope for this essay is to learn more on the subject so that I understand both sides of the controversy. I want to learn about the different opinions of this topic and I also want to learn how declawing a cat will affect the cat both physically and emotionally. I also feel that learning about the different opinion or view on the subject will help me to connect emotionally to the patient’s owners so that I will be able to understand why they want their cat to get declawed, or in a Humane society’s case why they don’t want the cats to be declawed. People also have different views on animals. Some people see animals as part of the family and others see pets as a worker or more as an object and I feel like learning the different points will help me be able to associate with both groups and will help me connect with my clients.

“Declawing Has No Effect on Biting Behavior but Does Affect Adoption Outcomes for Domestic Cats in an Animal Shelter” – Fritscher, Saethra Jade, and James Ha

I began my project by going online to the McIntyre library website to look for sources. I started by searching “controversies of declawing cats” and I did not get many results and I thought that I was going to have to choose a new research question. I asked my professor, MicKenzie Fasteland, for some help. She told me to try and search “declawing cats” and I still did not get many sources, but she click on a one that seemed relevant to my topic and showed me how to find other sources that might connect to this one by going to sources who have cited this article or by going to the references. I then continued to look at the source that she had pointed out and I decided that I wanted to use this source “Declawing Has No Effect on Biting Behavior but Does Affect Adoption Outcomes for Domestic Cats in an Animal Shelter” by Fritscher, Saethra Jade, and James Ha. I knew this source was scholarly because I found it on the McIntyre library website, and I saw that it was peer reviewed. Fritscher, Saethra Jade has an MS in animal behavior, is working towards getting her PhD in Animal Behavior, and has been a licensed veterinary technician for 15 years . James Ha has a bachelor’s degree in biology, PhD in zoology, and is currently an Emeritus Research Professor in psychology . I decided to use this source because it asked a question I did not think of. I did not think about how declawing a cat might affect the outcome for them getting adopted, and because it asked a question that I am trying to answer myself about how declawing affects a cat.

The article begins by saying that scratching has many purposes for a cat. One purpose is to mark territory and another purpose is for defense. Those who are against declawing cats say that declawing causes behavioral problems while others, including the American Veterinary Medical Association, say that scratching can cause a cat to be put down(euthanasia) or it can cause a cat to be relocated. To see if declawing a cat had a relationship with a cat biting, how long a cat stayed at a shelter, and the risk of a cat being put down, a study was done. The study showed that declawing a cat had no relationship with a cat biting, that a declawed cat stayed 55% longer at a shelter than a non-declawed cat, which is about 12 days longer. No relationships were found between a declawed cat and it being put down.            

This article answers my question because it tells me that there is controversy in declawing cats. One side of the argument says that declawing cats causes a cat to have physical, psychological, and behavioral problems. The other side says that a cats scratching can cause a cat to be put down or relocated. It also, in a way, answered the second part of my question about how does declawing effect the cat. The article tells me that declawing a cat can cause a cat to have “muscle weakening, depression, stress, and arthritis”. The study that was researched ruled out that declawing a cat can cause a cat to bite more and found that declawed cats stayed loner at a shelter than non-declawed cats. After reading this article I felt like I needed more information about the controversy of declawing cats, and I felt like it would be a good idea to get cat owners point of view on the controversy as well as a veterinarian’s point of view

“Death or Declaw: Dealing with Moral Ambiguity in a Veterinary Hospital” – Dana Atwood-Harvey

I found my second article a lot faster than my first article. First, I checked the 3 sources who cited my original source, but I did not like any of them. I then continued to check my original sources references and this source caught my attention “Death or Declaw: Dealing with Moral Ambiguity in a Veterinary Hospital” by Dana Atwood-Harvey. I copied and pasted the title of the article on the McIntyre Library website search to check if it was scholarly and then I copied and pasted the title onto google scholar and found that this article has been cited by 32 other sources. The author Dana Atwood-Harvey has a PhD and is a “Associate Professor at UW Colleges–Sheboygan. Atwood-Harvey does establish some invented ethos by having 73 references and by having lots of quotes in the article. This tells the audience that the author is credible because the author has done their homework. This article is also a more academic article, but the author does define some veterinary medical terms so that the article can have a broader audience. I chose this article because it gives the veterinary point of view that I need to help answer my question. I then continued to look at this source to see if it related to my question.

            A summary of the article is that, Onychectomy (disarticulation of the distal phalanx) is an “elective surgery”. The common word used for onychectomy is “declawing”, but that is not quite right because when a vet “declaws” a cat they are not just declawing a cat but amputating the cats first knuckle. The American Veterinary Medical Association stated that, “Declawing of domestic cats should be considered only after attempts have been made to prevent the cat from using its claws destructively or when their clawing presents a zoonotic risk for its owner(s)“. The association is saying that declawing a cat is not in the cats best interest. If a cat is to be declawed, the best time for them to be declaw is when they are a kitten because they bounce back better than adults and are less prone to depression and other behavioral risks. Some veterinary staff feel guilty when they declaw a cat and when a cat gets hurt when the owner lets the cat outside some even try to blame the owner for getting the cat declawed to try and reduce their guilt for declawing a cat.

 This source does help answer my question by giving the veterinarians point of view on argument if cats should be declawed or not. This source tells me that most veterinarians seem to be against declawing because they are not just declawing a cat but amputating the first knuckle on every toe. This article also tells what is going on emotionally inside a veterinarian’s head or an employee’s head. I also wanted to know the process of declawing a cat and the process is quoted in this article. After reading this article I have no new questions, but I still want to know the pet owners’ point of view on this topic. I need to find an article that goes more in depth with the controversies of declawing to support my first article. I also need to still answer the second part of my question with more depth which is, how does declawing effect a cat?

 “Death or Declaw: Dealing with Moral Ambiguity in a Veterinary Hospital” compares to my original article, “Declawing Has No Effect on Biting Behavior but Does Affect Adoption Outcomes for Domestic Cats in an Animal Shelter,”  because “Declawing Has No Effect on Biting Behavior but Does Affect Adoption Outcomes for Domestic Cats in an Animal Shelter” says that the American Veterinary Medical association agrees with declawing because scratching can cause a cat to be put down. “Death or Declaw: Dealing with Moral Ambiguity in a Veterinary Hospital” goes more in depth with the veterinary’s point of view. This article says that yes veterinarians will rather declaw a cat than put down a cat, but that does not mean that some veterinarians or other veterinary employees like it. “Death or Declaw: Dealing with Moral Ambiguity in a Veterinary Hospital” also disagree with each other because this article says that declawing a cat can cause a cat to bite more but “Declawing Has No Effect on Biting Behavior but Does Affect Adoption Outcomes for Domestic Cats in an Animal Shelter” wanted to go more in depth with that topic and found out that is not true and the original article proved that by doing a study.

“Effects of declawing on feline behavior” – M. Bennett, K. A. Houpt, and H. N. Erb

My third source I found quickly as well. I found it by looking through the references of my second source “Death or Declaw: Dealing with Moral Ambiguity in a Veterinary Hospital”. I have been wondering about how declawing might affect the cats themselves and I was hoping that this third source would help me fully answer or partially answer this question. After I started reading the source a little bit, I questioned its credibility and I tried to look up the source in the McIntire Library and I did not find it. I decided to look for a new source in my original source, “Declawing Has No Effect on Biting Behavior but Does Affect Adoption Outcomes for Domestic Cats in an Animal Shelter,” and I relooked through the references and I ended up finding my third source. Because my previous two sources both had this article as a source, I decided to go with it. My third source is called, “Effects of declawing on feline behavior” by M. Bennett, K. A. Houpt, and H. N. Erb, which was published in 1988. These three author created effective situated ethos by listing where they were currently working when they created this article and if they have Ph.D.’s. M. Bennet has a B.S and worked at the Avon Animal Hospital, K.A Houpt, Has a V.M.D. and a Ph. D and was in the Department of Physiology, and H.N. Erb has a D.V.M. and a Ph. D and worked at the Department of Clinical Studies at Cornell University. I decided to choose this source because I feel that it is very credible with my two previous sources citing it and because the authors seem to be very credible.

To begin, this article reminds us that onychectomy (declawing) is an elective surgery. The controversy over declawing is not just about the pain that the declawing will cause the cat but is also about the potential of the cat behavior being altered. To see if the behavior of a cat is altered after declawing a survey was taken to see if whether there was an increase, decrease in behavioral problems following the declawing and if declawed cats caused more problems than non-declawed cats. There were three groups that where observed in the survey. The first group (group A) contained 25 cats that had been declawed within the last two years, the second group (group B) contained 25 cats that have not been declawed, and the third group (group C) contained 24 cats with behavioral problems. The owners of the cats were then asked thirty-nine questions about their cat’s behaviors. The Mann Whitney tests were used to determine if a declawed cat had better or worse behavior than a non-declawed cat. After the survey was taken the Mann Whitney test showed that the only significance found in the behavior of a cat was that declawed cats scored higher in good behavior than non-declawed cats. The survey also found out that “the major reason given for electing to have a cat declawed was damage to furniture” and that very few of the cats’ from group A had any behavioral changes after they were declawed (Bennet, M., et al. 9).

This did not really answer the question that I was hoping to answer, but it did help back up my first article “Declawing Has No Effect on Biting Behavior but Does Affect Adoption Outcomes for Domestic Cats in an Animal Shelter” and it showed a historical perspective on the situation that the controversy for declawing cats has been being discussed for years. Based on the evidence from both studies done in both articles there is not enough evidence to claim that declawing cats cause behavioral problems such as biting. This article also gave me a little bit of the cat owners point of view. When an owner decided to declaw a cat, it was mostly due to furniture getting scratched up and or to prevent a cat from scratching furniture and most or the owners in the survey saw little or no behavior changes in their declawed cats. A question that came to mind is the what complications could there be with having a cat declawed? I feel like complications should be addressed in this essay and I need a more rounded point of view from cat owners on declawing to keep this article rounded.

“Survey of Cat Owners on Features of, and Preventative Measures for, Feline Scratching of Inappropriate Objects: A Pilot Study” – Alexandra Moesta, Deborah Keys, and Sharon Crowell-Davis

I had a hard time finding my fourth source. I started my search for my fourth source by going to my third source’s, “Effects of declawing on feline behavior”, citations. I found an article that sounded interesting called the “Survey of Cat Owners on Features and Preventative Measures of Feline Scratching of inappropriate objects: a pilot study”. I then found that it was in the McIntyre Library, but I was not sure that was what I wanted because I was looking to find the cat owners perspective of declawing a cat and this article was not really what I felt like I wanted. I continued my search my looking in “Survey of Cat Owners on Features and Preventative Measures of Feline Scratching of inappropriate objects: a pilot study” references and found a source called “Cat Owners’ Attitudes toward Declawing”. I soon realized that I had to request this article and that the McIntyre Library is not open on Sundays. I continued my search by looking at more of the references form the article “Survey of Cat Owners on Features and Preventative Measures of Feline Scratching of inappropriate objects: a pilot study” and found another article called “Attitudes of Owners Regarding tendonectomy and Onychectomy in cats”. I read through the article and found that I was not too sure of this article but it got me thinking about alternatives to declawing which brought me back to the “Survey of Cat Owners on Features and Preventative Measure of Feline Scratching of inappropriate Objects: a pilot study”.

“Survey of Cat Owners on Features and Preventative Measure of Feline Scratching of inappropriate Objects: a pilot study” was written by Alexandra Moesta, Deborah Keys, and Sharon Crowell-Davis. Alexandra Moesta and Sharon Crowell-Davis both work in the Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic imaging at the University of Georgia and Deborah Keys works as an Independent Statistical Consultant in Atlanta Georgia. I have chosen this article because it is about the alternatives of declawing or in other words different ways to try and persuade a cat not to scratch furniture or people.

The article begins by saying that, “Scratching of inanimate objects is a normal, inherited behavior in cats and serves the purpose of nail sheath sharpening and removal, visual and olfactory marking, and stretching of the forelimbs and torso” (Moesta et al.). Inappropriate scratching (scratching of inanimate objects) is one of the major reasons cats are declawed or have tendonectomies. A study is then conducted to collect data on preventive measures that are being used to prevent inappropriate scratching. The study found that out of the 82.9% of 140 cat-owning clients that replied to the questionnaire, that 83.9% of the cats inappropriately scratched and that most of the cats preferred to scratch carpet or fabric. The study also found “Most cats (76.1%) had a designated scratching item” and that scratching posts were more frequently scratched than scratch pads and that if cats were placed by the designated item to scratch that they would be more likely not to scratch that item.

I chose this article because it answered a question that I had not thought of. I had not thought about the alternatives to declawing. I feel like this question is important to incorporate in this essay because it is good to know that there are ways to encourage a cat to scratch designated items and it is also good to know what works and what does not work. This article does not really connect to my other articles because it is more about cat scratching behavior and what cats like to scratch and how to encourage scratching on certain items, so that other items, such as furniture, are scratched less. This article connects to my original question because if a cat owner does not want to get their cat declawed, or if they are not sure if they want to declaw a cat, it is good do try some of the alternatives first to see if they help discourage scratching on furniture. It is also good to know that there are other options than declawing cats that can be tried to reduce inappropriate scratching.

“Attitudes of Owners Regarding Tendonectomy and Onychectomy in Cats” – Seong C. Yeon, Janet Scarlett, James A Flanders, Katherine A Houpt, and Stacy Ayers

I found my fifth source, “Attitudes of Owners Regarding Tendonectomy and Onychectomy in Cats”, while I was looking for my fourth source, “Survey of Cat Owners on Features and Preventative Measure of Feline Scratching of inappropriate Objects: a pilot study”. I found this source in the references from the article “Survey of Cat Owners on Features and Preventative Measures of Feline Scratching of inappropriate objects: a pilot study.” This article did get me thinking about alternatives to declawing, but it also got me thinking about the different procedures used to declaw cats. I wondered if one procedure effected a cat more than the other or caused a cat to have more behavioral problems. I decided to use this article to see if I could answer these questions.

The authors of “Attitudes of Owners Regarding Tendonectomy and Onychectomy in Cats” are Seong C. Yeon, Janet Scarlett, James A Flanders, Katherine A Houpt, and Stacy Ayers. Janet Scarlett is an Emerita of Epidemiology professor at Cornell University and has a DVM, PhD, and DVM. James A Flanders works in the Department of Clinical Sciences at Cornell University is an Associate Professor and is a Diplomate at the American College of Veterinary Surgeons. Stacey Ayers works in the department of nursing at Trinity College of Nursing and Health Sciences Schools, Katherin Houpt works in the Department of Clinical sciences at Cornell University and Seong C. Yeon had 82 publication on the ResearchGate website (Yeon et al.) Attitude of Owners Regarding Tendonectomy and Onychectomy in Cats” is a scholarly article because I found it on the McIntyre Library website and I saw that it was peer reviewed.

Scratching is a normal cat behavior that helps cats remove old claws and is used for stretching and marking territory. “Although most undesirable scratching can be prevented or eliminated with environmental manipulation and behavior modification, tendonectomy and onychectomy are other alternatives for those owners who are unwilling or unable to control the undesirable scratching” (Yeon et al. 43). Between onychectomy and tendonectomy, tendonectomy is preferred because there are fewer complications after surgery and less pain after surgery, but the downside of tendonectomy is that the owner will still have to trim the cat’s claws. Also, in a recent study, it was “found that cats that underwent tendonectomy recovered more quickly”. Seong C. Yeon, Janet Scarlett, James A Flanders and Stacy Ayers decided to do their own study to “compare owners’ attitudes regarding tendonectomy and onychectomy”. They tried contacting 98 owners, but only 57 owners were reached and out of the owners, 18 of those owners had a cat who had a tendonectomy and 39 had a cat who had an onychectomy. The study found that owners who had had their cats undergo onychectomy had a higher concern with cats scratching other people and more likely wanted to have their cats as indoor cat then owners who had their cats undergo with tendonectomy. The study also found that 16 cats had behavior problems after surgery such as, biting, or house soiling and that there were no big differences in behavior between the cats who had onychectomies and tendonectomies.  “Overall attitudes—Seventeen (94%) owners of cats that underwent tendonectomy and 34 (87%) owners of cats that underwent onychectomy had a positive attitude regarding the surgery at the time of telephone contact” (45).

My questions for this article were answered. I wanted to know if onychectomy or tendonectomy effected a cat more than the other. I found that there were no big differences between the behavior of cats who underwent tendonectomies and those who underwent onychectomies. I also found out that those who underwent tendonectomy recover faster that those who underwent onychectomy. This article also gave me a little more of the owner’s point of view on the subject of declawing. Most of the owners in this article declawed their cats because they were worried about furniture being scratched or the cats scratching other people and this agrees with my fourth source “Survey of Cat Owners on Features and Preventative Measure of Feline Scratching of inappropriate Objects: a pilot study”, and my third source, “Effects of declawing on feline behavior”, which both say that one of the main reasons owners declaw their cat(s) is because of the scratching on objects that are not supposed to be scratched.

“New York State Bans Cat Declawing” – Elisha Brown

My sixth and final source I had a hard time finding. I was confused on what was a good popular source article. I searched “declawing cats” and I searched “the controversies of declawing cats” and I didn’t really see anything. I went to office hours for help and my professor, MicKenzie Fasteland, told me to search for a source on the Atlantic website while she would look to see if there was anything on the New York Times website. I searched “declawing cats” and the page came up with zero sources. While I came up with nothing, my professor found three articles that directly related to declawing. She took a quick look at two of the sources and said either of them would be fine, even though they were a little short. After office hours I continued to search a little more to see if I could find something longer, but I had no luck. I went back to the New York Times website and I found the three articles my professor helped me find and clicked on the first one which happened to be “New York State Bans Cat Declawing” by Elisha Brown. I was immediately intrigued when I saw the article because I have been to New York several times and have recently been to New York City for the first time. I also have family that lives up in New York and they happen to have seven indoor/outdoor cats. I read the article a little more and found that it would be nice to have a political view on the controversies to declawing, so I decided to use this article.

“New Your State Bans Cat Declawing” is a popular source. I know this because I found this source on the New York Times website which is a pretty poplar site which is made up of recent and mostly credible news. The author of this article, Elisha Brown, has worked at many different magazine companies and that includes; “The Independent, The Atlantic, Vox, The Daily Beast, The Boston Globe, WRAL-TV (Raleigh, NC), Her Campus, Government Executive, Santa Fe New Mexican, and currently The New York Times magazine”.

On Monday July 22, 2019 New York “became the first state in the country to ban cat declawing” (Brown). The only exception for the law is if there are medical purposes. Assemblywomen Linda B. Rosenthal, who “introduced the bill in January 2015”, thinks that declawing cats is inhumane and cruel. She and “Kitty Block, the president and chief executive of the Humane Society of the United States”, are hopeful that other states like Massachusetts will follow New York’s example. The New York State Veterinary Medical School disagrees with the ban and believes that declawing should be an option on the table. They say that declawing is better than the alternatives which include abandonment and euthanasia and because of this reason they are not committing to the bill.

I was a little surprised at what I learned in this article. What surprised me the most is how even the political view of pets is changing. Fifty years ago, this bill would have been shot down because at that point in time, people saw pets more as workers rather than part of the family. It took a lot of fighting to make any changes on pets such as pet abuse. Now people see pets as family members and the law is starting to see them as family as well which I find kind of amazing. I like how the author incorporates two points of view on the bill. The political view sees declawing as inhumane while the veterinary point of view sees declawing as a good alternative to abandonment and euthanasia. It made the article feel more rounded and made it more interesting to read. This article connects to my second source, “Death or Declaw: Dealing with Moral Ambiguity in a Veterinary Hospital” because they both have the same veterinary point of view that declawing is better than the alternatives.

Conclusion

To conclude this essay, I wish I could say I had a perfect answer to my question, “what are the controversies around declawing cats and how does declawing effect cats?”, but I do not have one. I do have a conclusion, but it is not perfect. I started this essay barely knowing anything about declawing. I basically knew that declawing was painful and that it could change a cat’s behavior, but know I feel more grounded with the controversy. My view slowly adjusted form black and white to reds, yellows, and blues. I now understand why people declaw their cats and I understand why people are against declawing cats. I learned that if a person does not want to declaw their cat that they cat have designated scratching items for their cats to reduces the scratching of furniture. I learned that if an owner does decide to get their cat declawed, that they should research the different declawing methods to find the one that they think is best for their cat.

People declaw their cats for many reasons and the main reason is to protect furniture, but other reasons include the safety of younger children or older adults, medical reasons for the cat or for the owner, and there many other reasons to declaw a cat. The reason many are against declawing is because they feel like declawing is inhumane because it is the amputation of the first knuckle. Cats can no longer grab things the way they used to or play the way they used to because they are missing their first knuckle. Cats also has no way to defend themselves after they are declawed because their claws were their only line of defense. With all of this in mind, I would say that if an owner decides to declaw their cat that they should do some research to make sure that they want to declaw their cat. The owner should also research the different alternative ways to declaw a cat like tendonectomy to see if maybe that is the way they want to go instead of onychectomy. If an owner decides not to want to declaw a cat, there are many ways to decrease scratching on furniture. For example, having designated scratching items available is a great way to reduce scratching. Research is a good way to find the best option for the cat and for the owner.

Works Cited

Atwood-Harvey, Dana. “Death or Declaw: Dealing with Moral Ambiguity in a Veterinary Hospital.” Society & Animals, vol. 13, no. 4, 2005, pp. 315–42. DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.1163/156853005774653627.

Bennet, M., et al. Effects of Declawing on Feline Behavior. no. 12, Sept. 1988, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302558029_Effects_of_declawing_on_feline_behavior

Brown, Elisha. “New York State Bans Cat Declawing.” The New York Times, 22 July 2019. NYTimes.com, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/22/nyregion/new-york-declaw-ban.html.

Fritscher, Saethra Jade, and James Ha. “Declawing Has No Effect on Biting Behavior but Does Affect Adoption Outcomes for Domestic Cats in an Animal Shelter.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 180, July 2016, pp. 107–13. DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2016.04.023.

Moseta, Alexandra, et al. “Survey of Cat Owners on Features of, and Preventative Measures for, Feline Scratching of Inappropriate Objects: A Pilot Study. “Journal of Feline Medicine and surgery, vol. 20, no. 10, Oct. 2018,pp.891-99. SAGE Journals, doi:10.1177/1098612X177331

Yeon, Seong C., et al. “Attitudes of Owners Regarding Tendonectomy and Onychectomy in Cats.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, vol. 218, no. 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 43–47. DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.43.

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